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Blurred Boundaries
Ginkel, B. van Mehra, T. Herbach, M. Lanchès, J. Boerma, Y.
Ginkel, B. van
Mehra, T.
Herbach, M.
Lanchès, J.
Boerma, Y.
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Organisatie / Institution
Serie / Series
WODC rapport 3551
Project
3551
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Ondertitel / Subtitle
Legal, Ethical, and Practical Limits in Detecting and Moderating Terrorist, Illegal and Implicit Extremist Content Online while Respecting Freedom of Expression
Abstract
Harmful online content poses a profound challenge to democratic, rule-of-law–based societies
because it corrodes the very foundations of pluralism, trust, and social cohesion on which they
depend. Terrorist propaganda, extremist narratives, and more implicit forms of hateful or divisive
speech do not only target individuals or groups; they seek to destabilise democratic institutions by
normalising violence, fuelling polarisation, and eroding confidence in the state’s ability to protect
its citizens. Left unchecked, such content amplifies grievances, deepens societal fractures, and
undermines the principles of free and open debate that sustain democratic life. Online platforms
are central arenas of modern public life. They host political debates, cultural exchanges, and
social interactions. Yet these same spaces are exploited by extremist and terrorist actors, who
weaponise communication tools to advance ideological agendas.
This executive summary synthesises the background, research questions, findings, challenges,
and recommendations of that study. It provides a critical reflection on the potential and limitations
of content detection frameworks and outlines concrete steps for policymakers, online service
providers, and other stakeholders.INHOUD
- Introduction
- Research Questions
- Methodology
- Legal Frameworks and Scope of Definitions
- The Use of Online Content for Terrorist and Extremist Purposes
- Policies and Practice of Detection and Moderation of Exremist and Terrorist Content Online
- Feasibility of an Assessment Framework
- Findings, Challenges and Recommendations
Title
Blurred Boundaries: Legal, Ethical, and Practical Limits in Detecting and Moderating Terrorist, Illegal and Implicit Extremist Content Online while Respecting Freedom of Expression
Uitgever / Publisher
International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT)
Publicatiedatum / Publication date
2025-12-02